考研词汇精讲
政治法律类词汇：
Unit1 司法类
prosecute = sue v.起诉
- prosecute / sue sb. for sth.
- prosecution n. 起诉
- prosecutor n. 检察官，公诉人
- suit = lawsuit n. 诉讼
- a federal class-action lawsuit 联邦集体诉讼
accuse = charge v. 指控; 指责; 控诉
accuse sb. of sth.
charge sb. with sth.
accusation n. 指控
landowner n. 土地所有人
homeowner 房产所有人
carowner 汽车所有人
prosecute the landowner for sth.
manufacturer n. 制造生产商
claimant = plaintiff n. 原告
- claim v./n. 索要，索取，索赔，主张，声称
- complaint v. 抱怨;投诉
- complaint n. 抱怨
defendant n. 被告
- defend v. 为…辩护；保卫，保护；证明…合理/合法/合情
- justify v. 辩护
- defend v. 为…辩护；保卫，保护；证明…合理/合法/合情
justified adj. 合理的
- attack v. 攻击；抨击
justice n. 大法官（美国最高法院的法官）
- judge n. 法官（除大法官以外的法官） v. 判断
- judgement n. 判断
- judicial adj. 司法的
- the judicial system 司法制度
- jurisdiction n. 司法
- prejudice n.偏见，成见
- 该词基于词根==jud==构成，可以理解为在获得充分证据之前的提前判断
- judge n. 法官（除大法官以外的法官） v. 判断
just 、fair 、equal
- just -> justice 大法官；正义
- fair adj. 公平的 n. 交易会；博览会；集市
- Guangzhou Export Communities Fair 广州出口商品交易会
- unfair adj. 不公平的
- fair play 公平操作，规则公平
- equal adj. 平等的
- All men are created equal
- equality n. 平等
- equally big surprise 同样大的惊喜
- equally big habitat 同样大的栖息地
- equivalent adj. 等同于，相当于
- be equivalent to
- the Chinese equivalent of the American Congress is the National People’s Congress
- equation n. 等式，方程式
- be equivalent to
jury n. 陪审团
- juror n. 陪审员
- the jury system 陪审团制度
lawyer（英）= attorney（美） n.律师
dispute n. / v. 争议
repute n.名誉
reputed adj.声名远扬；普遍认为
reputation n.名声
- he has a reputation for slacking. 他有懒散的名声。
a disputed issue 一个有争议的问题
provoke / spark a dispute 引起一个争议
resolve the dispute / controversy 解决争议
sth. has long been in dispute 某事一直以来备受争议
sth. is beyond dispute. 没有争议
controversy n. 争议
- contrary adj.相反的
- **on the contrary 恰恰相反的是 **
- **controversial adj.有争议的 **
- contrary adj.相反的
resort v. 诉诸
- resort / turn to the court 诉诸法律
preside v. 主持
president 主席；总统；行长；校长；总裁n.
preside over sth. 主持某事
preside over a meeting / trial 主持一场会议/审判
- the trail of sb. 对某人的审判/审讯
argument n. 争吵；观点
argue v. 主张，认为；争吵
- It might be argued that … 一些人认为…
quarrel n./v. 吵架
debate n./v. 争论；辩论
- parliamentary debate 国会辩论
- a nationwide debate 全国范围的辩论
contest n. 抗辩；竞赛
- four contested provisions / clauses 四项抗辩(有异议的)条款
- English contest 英语竞赛
- English speech contest 英语演讲竞赛
commit v.犯下
- commit a crime 犯罪
- commit a mistake 犯错
- commit a suicide 自杀
crime n. / v. 犯罪
- criminal n. 罪犯
- criminal behavior 犯罪行为
- criminal n. 罪犯
suspect n. 嫌疑人; v. 怀疑
- arrest the suspect 抓捕嫌疑人
sin n. 罪恶
- Gambling was broadly considered a sin. 赌博曾被广泛认为是一种罪恶。
blunder n.（无意酿下的）大错
- blind adj. 盲的
adaptation blunders 适应方面的错误
- The move was seen / considered as a blunder. 这次举动被视为一个错误。
gamble n. 赌博
- game n. 游戏
corruption n. 腐败
- prosecute the governor for corruption
bribery n. 贿赂
theft n. 盗窃
fabricating sth. 编造某事 （动名词）
- The panel was accused of fabricating data. 这个小组被指控伪造数据
fraud n. 欺诈
hijack v. 劫持
- hijacking n. 劫持
- hijack social media to apply pressure on the businesses 劫持社交媒体来对商家施加压力
murder n. 谋杀
consipiracy n. 密谋
assault / attack v. 袭击
- a hacker assault 一次黑客袭击
- assault on teachers / children
decision = verdict n. 决定；判决
- ruling n.【最高法院的】裁决；裁定
- a sweeping ruling 一个一刀切的裁决
- sweep 拖
- sweep a floor 拖地
- sweep 拖
- the courts’ ruling 该法院的裁定
- the judge / justice rules that …
- the law / act / bill / order rules that …
- a sweeping ruling 一个一刀切的裁决
- through trial, the judge make a decision
- ruling n.【最高法院的】裁决；裁定
arbiter n. 仲裁者
- we should not let others be arbiters of our beauty.
evidence = proof n. 证据
- evident adj. 清楚的
- prove v. 证明
confirm v. 确认
confirmation n. 确认
confirm that he is the father of the kid.
recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children.
approve v. 批准，审批；赞同
- disapprove 不同意
- approve of sth.
- approve of a contract.
- approve of a budget.
- approve of a drug.
overturn v. 撤销；推翻
- overturn the decision 推翻了这个判决
- overturn the prior decision 推翻了之前的判决
- guilty verdict / decision / ruling 有罪判决
- innocent verdict / decision / ruling 无罪判决
- cent n. 美分
invalidate v. 使无效
invalid adj. 无效的
- invalid user name
invalidate the law / bill / act / rule
precede v. 先于，优先于
- federal laws precedes state laws.
- Ming Dynasty preceded Qing Dynasty.
conviction n. 定罪
- be exempt from conviction 免于定罪
- The supreme court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former governor.
trial n. 审判
sentence v. 宣判
- sentence sb. to death
- sb. was sentenced in imprison
- sentence sb. forced community service
imprison v. 入狱
release v. 释放
appeal v. 上诉，申诉
- appeal to 申诉，上诉，呼吁
- appeal to a higher court 上诉到更高一级法院
- appeal to 申诉，上诉，呼吁
examine v. 认真检查；仔细检查
tell A from B 将A和B区分开来
- It can be / seems / is difficult to tell good information from bad.
- differentiate v. 区别
- differentiate between a credible man and a dishonest man.
discriminate v. 歧视
- discriminate against sb. 歧视某人
- discrimination n. 歧视
fine n. / v. 罚款；惩罚 adj. 好的
finance n. 财政；金融 v. 拨款，资助
- finance the project
- finance his education
lower fines
he received lower fines.
punish v. 惩罚
- punishment n. 惩罚
penalty n. 惩罚
- penalize v. 惩罚
- penetrate v. 刺穿
- pen n. 钢笔
- pin n. 大头针
- pain n. 疼；痛
sanction n. 制裁；处罚
- impose sanctions against Korea / Iraq 实施制裁
- lift the sanctions against sb. 解除制裁
violate v. 违反
- violate the rule / law / bill / act / regulation
- follow the rule / law / bill / act / regulation
- violate the constitution
- violate one’s privacy
- violence n. 暴力
- violent adj. 猛烈的
- violate the rule / law / bill / act / regulation
dismiss v. 不考虑
- dismiss one’s proposal 驳回某人的提议
- dismiss that possibility entirely 完全不考虑那种可能性
- It has been dismissed by the supreme court.
abolish v. 废除
abolition n. 废除
- the abolition of slavery 奴隶制的废除
abortion n. 流产
abolish an entire class of patents. 废除一整类的专利权
exempt v. 豁免
- be exempt from
court n. 法院，法庭；球场；宫廷，朝廷
- food court 美食街
- resort to the court 诉诸法律
- the Supreme Court 最高法院
chancellor n. 大臣；法官
- the socially concerned chancellor （2014.Text1.）心系社会的大臣
witness v. 目击，见证；n. 目击者，证人
wit n. 智慧
wisdom n. 智慧
widow n. 寡妇
The period between A and B witnessed sth.
hearing n. 听证会
- conduct public hearing 举行公众听证会
- a cout hearing 庭审
plead v. 恳请
- plead for sth. = ask for sth. = appeal for sth. 恳求，请求
- plead for rate relief 恳求降价
rights and obligations 权利与义务
the right to sth.
- the right to private property 私有财产权
- the right to physician-assisted suicide 安乐死权
oblige = force = compel v. 逼迫，迫使
- oblige / force / compel sb. to do sth. 逼迫某人做某事
- he was compelled to leave / resign / quit. 他被迫离职
- compulsory adj. 义务的，强制的
- compulsory education 义务教育
- a compulsory internet driver’s license
- license n. 许可证，执照
- compulsory courses 必修课
- oblige / force / compel sb. to do sth. 逼迫某人做某事
obligation = liability = responsibility = duty n. 义务
shoulder the responsibility 肩负起这份责任
legal liability 法律责任
protect the manufacturer from legal liability 保护开发商免于担负法律责任
liable adj. 负责的
- be liable for = be responsible for 对…负责
- be liable to do sth. = tend to do sth. = be inclined to do sth. 倾向于做某事
patent n. 专利（权）
- patent experts 专利权方面的专家
- grant / authorize / issue sb. a patent 授予某人一项专利
- overturn / eliminate an entire class of patents 撤销一整类的专利
copyright 版权
- copyright owner 版权所有人
ownership 所有制
- ownership structure n. 所有制结构【政治】
strike n. 罢工；撞击
- attend a strike 参加一场罢工
forbid = prohibit = ban v. 禁止；取缔
- she is prohibited from entering the casino. 她被禁止进入那个赌场
allow = permit v. 允许，许可
- she is allowed to enter the casino. 她被准许进入那个赌场
warrant n. 授权书，委任状，准许状，搜查令
- the police issues a warrant to arrest sb. 警察批准了那个逮捕某人的授权书
licence n. 许可证
- license n. / v. 许可证，证书；v. 允许，许可
- driver’s license 驾驶证
- medical license 执业医师许可证
- license n. / v. 许可证，证书；v. 允许，许可
illicit = illegal adj. 违法的
- permit v. 准许，许可
- allow v. 准许，许可
intrude v. 侵犯
intrude on green belt
intrusion n. 侵犯
tort n. 侵权（法）
- the tort law
- the tort system 侵权制度
Unit2 立法执法
law = bill = act = statute = rule = regulation n. 法律；法则；规律
the Charter = the Constitution 宪法
natural laws 自然规律
state laws 洲际法律
federal statue 联邦法规
The Human Rights Bill 人权法
The Tea Act 茶叶法案 使得美国独立成为一个国家并命名为USA
rule = regulation 学校规范，区域规范
comply with = abide by = follow = obey 遵守，按照
legislate v. 立法
- legal adj. 法律的；合法的
- legal learning 法律知识（07翻译）
- legal practice 法律实践
- legitimate adj. 合法的；合理的
- legitimate concerns 合理的担忧
- legitimacy n. 合法（性）；合理（性）
- legislation n. 立法
- legislator n. 议员；人大代表
- legislature n. 立法机关；议会
- congress n. 国会（美）
- parliament n. 议会（英）
- the National People’s Congress （NPC）全国人民代表大会
- legislative adj. 立法的
- legislative body 立法机关；立法主体
- legal adj. 法律的；合法的
charter n. 宪章
amend v. 修改
amend the Constitution 修改宪章
mend v. （针对实物的）修复
- mend the broken bone 修复摔伤的骨头
the fourth Amendment 《第四修正案》
violate the fourth Amendment 违反《第四修正案》
the charter’s main tool 这个宪章（实施）的主要工具
regulate v. 规范
- regulate our behavior 规范我们的行为
- regulate our mood 掌控我们的情绪
- regular adj. 规范的
- irregular adj. 不规则的；不规范的
- regulatory body 主管部门
punish = penalize = fine v. 惩罚
item n. 款 = provision n. 条 = clause n. 条款
- The justices overturned three of four contested provisions. 大法官推翻了四条有争议的条款其中的三条。
- the explainatory item 解释性的条款
- explainatory adj. 解释性的
- explain v. 解释
compact n. 共识
- basic compact 基本共识
- contract n. 合同
- agreement n. 协议，共识
frame v. 制订（法律），总体设计…
- frame a bill 制订一个法案
- framer n. 总设计师，总策划
draft v. 起草 n. 草案 adj. 起草的
- draft a bill/act/law
- the first draft 初稿
- the final draft 终稿
fashion / develop / set up conservation measures 制订环境保护的措施
implement = enforce v. 执行
- enforce the law / bill / act / policy 执行政策
- a well-enforced law 一部被很好执行的法案
- implement the law flexibly 灵活执行法律
- implementation = enforcement 执行
- joint enforcement 共同执行
- reinforce v. 加强
- reinforce social solidarity
- reinforce the effect
专业领域词汇
- the American Bar Examination 美国司法考试
Unit3 行政：政府管理
节一
- administration n. 管理；政府
- the Trump Administration 特朗普政府
- the administration = the government
- governor n. 州长；省长
- govern v. 管理
- governance n. 管理
- corporate governance 公司管理（07.S2.reading.04）
- the authorities 当局，官方
- authority n. 权利
- authorize v. 授权
- authorize HUAWEI a patent.
- council n. 委员会
- the state council 国务院；中国中央政府；联邦政府
- the local council 地方议会，地方政府
- democracy n. 民主（制）
- democratic adj. 民主的
- science n. 科学
- pioneer n. 先行者
- shopping becomes a public and democratic act. 购物成为了一种开放的人人可以参与的行为
- democratic values 民主价值观
- the Democratic (party) 民主党
- democrat n. 民主党人
- the Republican (party) 共和党
- republican n. 共和党人
- republic n. 共和国
- the People’s Republic of China
- monarchy n. 君主制
- monarch n. 君主
- king, queen
- head of state 国家首脑，国家元首
- president n. 总统；主席
- preside over sth. 主持…
- prime minister = premier n. 首相，总理
- Japanese prime minister Abe
- minister n. 部长，大臣
- the minister of education
- the minister of foreign affairs 外交部长
- the minister of civil affairs 民政部长
- civilian n. 平民
- ministry n. 部
- province n. 省
- province governor 省长
- state n. 州（美）；国家（其它）
- state governor 州长
- the royal family n. 王室家庭
- Royal Shakespear Company (RSC) 皇家莎士比亚公司
- monarch n. 君主
Unit3 行政：政治，官员，部门
节一
- politics n. 政治学
- political leaders 政治领导人
- politician n. 政客 政治家
- statesman n. 政治家
- businessman n. 商人
- economics n. 经济学
- senator n. 参议员
- The senate n. 参议院
- senior n. 年长的人；大四学生；adj. 年长的；高级的
- official n. 官员
- government officials 政府官员
- incompetent officials 没有能力的官员
- office 办公室
- civil servants 公仆
- serve v. 服务
- the Union 工会
- the Unions in the public sector 公共部门
- the Unions in the private sector 私有部门
- the students’ Union 学生会
- the postgraduates’ Association 研究生协会
- association n. 协会
- National Basketball Association (NBA)
- Australian Medical Association
- Chinese Medical Association 中国医学会
- Chinese Football Association (CFA) 中国足协
- chairman n. 主席；主持人
- chair = preside v. 主持
- federal government 联邦制政府
- federal court 联邦法院
- federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局
- bureau n. 局
- bureaucrat n. 官员, 官僚
- bureaucratic adj. 官僚主义的
- bureaucracy n. 官僚主义
- democracy n. 民主
- democratic adj. 民主的
- democrat n. 民主党人
- commission = commitee = board n. 委员会 = 部
- board n. 董事会
- institution = agency n. 机构
- research institution 研究机构
- financial institution 金融机构
- higher institution 高等教育机构，高校
- a national agency 国家机构
- Xinhua News Agency 新华社
- Central Intelligence Agency （CIA）中央情报局
- a traveling agency 旅游社
- district n. 区（行政）
- Haidian District of Beijing
- special administrative district / region 特别行政区
- region 地区（地理）
- poor regions
- regional cooperation 地区合作
- national cooperation 全国性合作
- international cooperation 国际合作
- reign n. 统治
- In 1912, Puyi ended his reign in embarrassment.
- sovereign adj. 有主权的
- sovereignty n. 主权
- religion n. 宗教
- regime n. 政体
- regulate our behavior/mood
Unit3 行政：选举、发行、倡导
节一
- issue = release v. 出台，发布
- issue a policy
- issue a preferential policy to lure talents. 出台优惠政策以吸引人才
- prefer v. 偏爱
- release new guidelines 发布新的指导意见
- brief n. 简讯，简报； adj. 简短的
- a brief introduction
- abbreviate v. 缩写
- abbreviation n. 缩写
- elect v. 选举；选择
- presidential election campaign 总统选举战役
- campaign n. 战役；运动
- elect sb. as monitor 选举某人做班长
- elect / choose / select the rich as friends.
- presidential election campaign 总统选举战役
- lobby = persuade v. 游说，说服
- anti-smoking lobby 戒烟游说
- persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
- persuade the chinese into boycotting a kind of japanese product.
- boycott v. 抵制
- sponsor v. 发起；n. 赞助人
- sponsor a project 发起一个计划
- sponsor a initiative / advocate 发起一个倡议
- advocate = preach v. 倡导；鼓吹 n. 倡导
- advocate thrift 提倡节俭
- They always advocate / preach the American values / democracy / system and attack the socialist values / democracy / system.
- It irrigated chinese that some politicians are advocating Taiwan Independence.
- the Christians always preach their religion.
- advocate = preach v. 倡导；鼓吹 n. 倡导
- sponsor a national English speech contest 发起了一个全国英语演讲比赛
- responsible adj. 负责任的
- Who sponsor should be responsible for the initiative. 发起人需要对倡议负责
- poll n. 调查；民意投票
- the Gallup poll 盖勒普调查
- survey v. / n. 调查
- a recent survey indicates that ….
- census n. 人口普查
- the 1990 census revealed that …
- the 2020 census will indicate that …
- reveal = indicate v. 表示，显示，展示
- ballot n. 选票；匿名制选举
- vote v. / n. 投票
- vote for .. 投票支持
- vote against … 投票反对…
- vote for the bill / act / law / rule / statute 投票支持那项法案
uint3 行政：身份、迁徙、协调
节一
专业领域词汇
- Master of Business Administration （MBA）工商管理硕士
- Juris Master（JM）法硕
附加词汇
solar adj. 太阳的
solitude 独居 n.
solitary 孤独的 adj.
isolate 孤立 v.
isolated 孤独的 adj.
solar energy 太阳能 n.
adapt v. 适应
adaptation 适应 n.
adapt to the new environment 适应新的环境
eligible adj. 有资格的
- be eligible for sth. 在某事上有资格
- be eligible for benefits 有资格得到补助
- be eligible for sth. 在某事上有资格
binding adj. 有约束力的
- a legally binding rule 一个具有法律约束力的规定
- bind v. 捆绑
- bound adj. 被俘的
follow = obey = abide by = comply with v. 遵守